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〕 Brazil (1961–83) 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations )〕 (until 1990) (1990) |combatant2= FSLN *EPS Supported by: 〔http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_157.shtmlid=VyqOhCUb66AC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=cuba+assistance+fsln&source=bl&ots=p-09UO4MB4&sig=BOTkmO7QFTQBR0ljjXX01NZ_Nac&hl=en&ei=jzkdSv7zKYPR-AavjMTDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arms Sales (Bulgaria) )〕 (until 1989) (until 1989) 〔Gendered Scenarios of Revolution: Making New Men and New Women in Nicaragua, 1975–2000, Page 120.〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mexico's Support of the Sandinista Revolution )〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Our work in Nicaragua )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sandinistas Find Economic Ally In Socialist Sweden )〕 |commander1= Anastasio Somoza Debayle Enrique Bermúdez Eden Pastora (1981–84) |commander2= Carlos Fonseca(1959-1976) Daniel Ortega Humberto Ortega Joaquin Cuadra Tomás Borge Eden Pastora (1961–81) |strength1= |strength2= |casualties3=(1978–79) 10,000 total killed (1981–89) 10,000- 43,000 total killed, best estimate using most detailed battle information is 30,000 killed 〔|notes=}} The Nicaraguan Revolution ((スペイン語:Revolución Nicaragüense'' or ''Revolución Popular Sandinista)) encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to violently oust the dictatorship in 1978-79, the subsequent efforts of the FSLN to govern Nicaragua from 1979 until 1990〔Louis Proyect, ''Nicaragua'', discusses, among other things, the reforms and the degree to which socialism was intended or achieved.〕 and the Contra War which was waged between the FSLN and the Contras from 1981-1990. The Revolution marked a significant period in Nicaraguan history and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War with the events in the country rising to international attention. Although the initial overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1978–79 was a bloody affair, the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans and was the subject of fierce international debate. During the 1980s both the FSLN (a leftist collection of political parties) and the Contras (a rightist collection of counter-revolutionary groups) received large amounts of aid from the Cold War super-powers (respectively, the Soviet Union and the United States). The Contra War ultimately ended following the signing of the Tela Accord in 1989 and the demobilization of the FSLN and Contra armies.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, Peace efforts, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#〕 A second election in 1990 resulted in the election of a majority of anti-Sandinista parties and the FSLN handing over power. ==Background== (詳細はUnited States occupation of Nicaragua in 1912 during the Banana Wars, the Somoza family political dynasty came to power, and would rule Nicaragua until their ouster in 1979 during the Nicaraguan Revolution. The era of Somoza family rule was characterized by rising inequality and political corruption, strong US support for the government and its military,〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, In depth, Background, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#〕 as well as a reliance on US-based multinational corporations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Taking Care of Business in Nicaragua )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicaraguan Revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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